ACM Metabo EXTRA STRENGTH

ACM metabo Extra Strength
Research and Summary Comments

Ingredients: Green Tea Extract (EGCG), L-Glutamine, Green Coffee Bean Extract, Ginseng (Panax ginseng), Ashwagandha root (Withania somnifera), Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), Rhodiola rosea, Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa)

Green Tea Extract (ECGC)

1. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate increases maximal oxygen uptake in adult humans.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a component of green tea, increases endurance performance in animals and promotes fat oxidation during cycle ergometer exercise in adult humans. We have investigated the hypothesis that short-term consumption of EGCG delays the onset of the ventilatory threshold (VT) and increases maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).

In this randomized, repeated-measures, double-blind study, 19 healthy adults (11 males and 8 females, age = 26 ± 2 yr (mean ± SE)) received seven placebo or seven EGCG (135-mg) pills. Forty-eight hours before data collection, participants began consuming three pills per day; the last pill was taken 2 h before exercise testing. VT and VO2max were determined from breath-by-breath indirect calorimetry data collected during continuous incremental stationary cycle ergometer exercise (20-35 W·min(-1)), from rest until volitional fatigue. Each condition/exercise test was separated by a minimum of 14 d.

Compared with placebo, short-term EGCG consumption increased VO2max (3.123 ± 0.187 vs 3.259 ± 0.196 L·min(-1), P = 0.04). Maximal work rate (301 ± 15 vs 301 ± 16 W, P = 0.98), maximal RER (1.21 ± 0.01 vs 1.22 ± 0.02, P = 0.27), and maximal HR were unaffected (180 ± 3 vs 180 ± 3 beats·min(-1), P = 0.87). In a subset of subjects (n = 11), maximal cardiac output (determined via open-circuit acetylene breathing) was also unaffected by EGCG (29.6 ± 2.2 vs 30.2 ± 1.4 L·min(-1), P = 0.70).
Takeaways:

• Short-term use of EGCG increased VO2max without affecting max cardiac output.
• EGCG may increase arterial-venous oxygen difference, boosting oxygen delivered and used by working muscles.

2. Therapeutic effect of high-dose green tea extract on weight reduction: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Goal was to examine the effect and safety of high-dose green tea extract (Epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG) at a daily dosage of 856.8 mg on weight reduction and changes of lipid profile and obesity-related hormone peptides in women with central obesity.

We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT02147041. A total of 115 women with central obesity were screened at our clinic. 102 of them with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m(2) and a waist circumference (WC) ≥ 80 cm were eligible for the study. These women were randomly assigned to either a high-dose green tea group or placebo group. The total treatment time was 12 weeks. The main outcome measures were anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles, and obesity related hormone peptides including leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, and insulin.

Significant weight loss, from 76.8 ± 11.3 kg to 75.7 ± 11.5 kg (p = 0.025), as well as decreases in BMI (p = 0.018) and waist circumference (p = 0.023) were observed in the treatment group after 12 weeks of high-dose EGCG treatment. This study also demonstrated a consistent trend of decreased total cholesterol, reaching 5.33%, and decreased LDL plasma levels. There was good tolerance of the treatment among subjects without any side effects or adverse events.

12 weeks of treatment with high-dose green tea extract resulted in significant weight loss, reduced waist circumference, and a consistent decrease in total cholesterol and LDL plasma levels without any side effects or adverse effects in women with central obesity
Takeaways:

• This 12-week study resulted in significant weight loss and reduced waist circumference.
• No side or adverse effects among participants

L-Glutamine

3. Increased plasma bicarbonate and growth hormone after an oral glutamine load.

An oral glutamine load was administered to nine healthy subjects to determine the effect on plasma glutamine, bicarbonate, and circulating growth hormone concentrations. Two grams glutamine were dissolved in a cola drink and ingested over a 20-min period 45 min after a light breakfast. Forearm venous blood samples were obtained at zero time and at 30-min intervals for 90 min and compared with time controls obtained 1 wk earlier.

Eight of nine subjects responded to the oral glutamine load with an increase in plasma glutamine at 30 and 60 min before returning to the control value at 90 min. Ninety minutes after the glutamine administration load both plasma bicarbonate concentration and circulating plasma growth hormone concentration were elevated.

These findings demonstrate that a surprisingly small oral glutamine load is capable of elevating alkaline reserves as well as plasma growth hormone.
Takeaway:

• Increased HGH from glutamine supplementation leads to an increase in resting metabolic rate and improves the after-burn effect post exercise, which is essential for burning fat, weight loss and building lean muscle mass.

4. Oral glutamine increases circulating glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon, and insulin concentrations in lean, obese, and type 2 diabetic subjects.

Incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), play an important role in meal-related insulin secretion. We previously demonstrated that glutamine is a potent stimulus of GLP-1 secretion in vitro. Our objective was to determine whether glutamine increases circulating GLP-1 and GIP concentrations in vivo and, if so, whether this is associated with an increase in plasma insulin.

We recruited 8 healthy normal-weight volunteers (LEAN), 8 obese individuals with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (OB-DIAB) and 8 obese nondiabetic control subjects (OB-CON). Oral glucose (75 g), glutamine (30 g), and water were administered on 3 separate days in random order, and plasma concentrations of GLP-1, GIP, insulin, glucagon, and glucose were measured over 120 min.

Oral glucose led to increases in circulating GLP-1 concentrations, which peaked at 30 min in LEAN (31.9 +/- 5.7 pmol/L) and OB-CON (24.3 +/- 2.1 pmol/L) subjects and at 45 min in OB-DIAB subjects (19.5 +/- 1.8 pmol/L). Circulating GLP-1 concentrations increased in all study groups after glutamine ingestion, with peak concentrations at 30 min of 22.5 +/- 3.4, 17.9 +/- 1.1, and 17.3 +/- 3.4 pmol/L in LEAN, OB-CON, and OB-DIAB subjects, respectively. Glutamine also increased plasma GIP concentrations but less effectively than glucose. Consistent with the increases in GLP-1 and GIP, glutamine significantly increased circulating plasma insulin concentrations. Glutamine stimulated glucagon secretion in all 3 study groups.
Takeaways:

• L-glutamine supports fat burning and building of lean muscle by helping suppress insulin levels and stabilize blood glucose.
• Allows the body to use less muscle mass to maintain blood sugar and insulin sensitivity in the cells – this may also benefit diabetics and those with sugar and carb cravings.

Green Coffee Bean Extract

5. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, linear dose, crossover study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a green coffee bean extract in overweight subjects.

Adult weight gain and obesity have become worldwide problems. Issues of cost and potential side effects of prescription weight loss drugs have led overweight and obese adults to try nutraceuticals that may aid weight loss. One promising nutraceutical is green coffee extract, which contains high concentrations of chlorogenic acids that are known to have health benefits and to influence glucose and fat metabolism. A 22-week crossover study was conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of a commercial green coffee extract product GCA™ at reducing weight and body mass in 16 overweight adults.

Subjects received high-dose GCA (1050 mg), low-dose GCA (700 mg), or placebo in separate six-week treatment periods followed by two-week washout periods to reduce any influence of preceding treatment. Treatments were counterbalanced between subjects. Primary measurements were body weight, body mass index, and percent body fat. Heart rate and blood pressure were also measured.

Significant reductions were observed in body weight (-8.04 ± 2.31 kg), body mass index (-2.92 ± 0.85 kg/m(2)), and percent body fat (-4.44% ± 2.00%), as well as a small decrease in heart rate (-2.56 ± 2.85 beats per minute), but with no significant changes to diet over the course of the study. Importantly, the decreases occurred when subjects were taking GCA. Body mass index for six subjects shifted from pre-obesity to the normal weight range (<25.00 kg/m(2)). Takeaways:
• Green coffee bean extract may be effective in reducing weight in pre-obese adults
• No side effects and cost effective weight loss option for adults

Panax ginseng

6. Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

We investigated the antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on healthy volunteers. In a double-blind randomized controlled design, 82 participants (21 men and 61 women) who were considered healthy by both objective and subjective health standard were divided into three groups, the control group and the groups received P. ginseng extract (1 or 2g/day) for 4 weeks. Serum level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd), and peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total glutathione content were determined before and after the trial.

Administration of P. ginseng led to significant decreases in the levels of serum ROS and MDA. Notably, the total glutathione content and GSH-Rd activity considerably improved in the groups that received 2g of P. ginseng. No significant alterations were observed in TAC, catalase, SOD, and GSH-Px activities.
Takeaways:

• Panax ginseng shows promises as an antioxidant supplement
• Given the established relationship between increased levels of oxidative stress and obesity, managing oxidative stress is important in weight management protocols.

Ashwagandha root (Withania somnifera)

7. Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations after administration of ashwagandha root extract to adult male mice.

The importance of ashwagandha root extract in the regulation of thyroid function with special reference to type-I iodothyronine 5′-monodeiodinase activity in mice liver has been investigated. Although the root extract (1.4 g kg(-1)) administered daily for 20 days by gastric intubation increased serum 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) concentrations and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity, hepatic iodothyronine 5′-monodeiodinase activity did not change significantly. Furthermore, ashwagandha root extract significantly reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation, whereas the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased.
These findings reveal that the ashwagandha root extract stimulates thyroidal activity and also enhances the antiperoxidation of hepatic tissue.
Takeaway:
• Ashwangandha root may play an important role in thyroid function and offer added benefit to the liver.

Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium)

8. Citrus aurantium as a thermogenic, weight-reduction replacement for ephedra: an overview.

Many companies are now substituting Citrus aurantium for ephedra in their weight loss formulations. Citrus aurantium, an agent containing beta agonists, has been reported to aid in weight loss in two studies and increase thermogenesis, at least to some extent, in three studies.

Colker et al. (1999) reported that in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study the subjects receiving a combination of Citrus aurantium, caffeine and St John’s Wort, lost significant amounts of total body weight while on a strict diet and exercise. Those in the placebo and control groups who also were on the same restricted diet did not. However, intergroup analysis showed no statistical significance among the weight changes in the three groups. In contrast, the loss of fat mass in the test group was significantly greater compared to the placebo and control groups. Jones describes an open labeled study performed on 9 women.

The subjects showed a mean of 0.94 kg lost during the first week when no product was given and 2.40 kg during the second week when a Citrus aurantium product was taken. Body weight losses were statistically greater during the second week compared to the first week. Since most clinicians would agree that the most weight loss should occur initially coinciding with a greater fluid loss during the first week, these differences are even more remarkable.

Three studies reported increased metabolic rates when ingesting Citrus aurantium products, however, at least two of these studies were acute. At present, Citrus aurantium may be the best thermogenic substitute for ephedra.
Takeaway:
• Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) may support a weight loss program via increasing the basal metabolic rate through its thermogenic properties.

Rhodiola rosea

9. Citrus aurantium and Rhodiola rosea in combination reduce visceral white adipose tissue and increase hypothalamic norepinephrine in a rat model of diet-induced obesity

Extracts from the immature fruit of Citrus aurantium are often used for weight loss but are reported to produce adverse cardiovascular effects. Root extracts of Rhodiola rosea have notable anti-stress properties.

The hypothesis of these studies was that C aurantium (6% synephrine) and R rosea (3% rosavins, 1% salidroside) in combination would improve diet-induced obesity alterations in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. In normal-weight animals fed standard chow, acute administration of C aurantium (1-10 mg/kg) or R rosea (2-20 mg/kg) alone did not reduce deprivation-induced food intake, but C aurantium (5.6 mg/kg) + R rosea (20 mg/kg) produced a 10.5% feeding suppression. Animals maintained (13 weeks) on a high-fat diet (60% fat) were exposed to 10-day treatments of C aurantium (5.6 mg/kg) or R rosea (20 mg/kg) alone or in combination. Additional groups received vehicle (2% ethanol) or were pair fed to the C aurantium + R rosea group. Although high-fat diet intake and weight loss were not influenced, C aurantium + R rosea had a 30% decrease in visceral fat weight compared with the other treatments. Only the C aurantium group had an increased heart rate (+7%) compared with vehicle. In addition, C aurantium + R rosea administration resulted in an elevation (+15%) in hypothalamic norepinephrine and an elevation (+150%) in frontal cortex dopamine compared with the pair-fed group.

These initial findings suggest that treatments of C aurantium+ R rosea have actions on central monoamine pathways and have the potential to be beneficial for the treatment of obesity.
Takeaway:
• In combination, Citrus aurantium and Rhoiola rosea, as noted in this study, may have a synergistic effect on weight loss via their influence on central monoamine (neuronal) pathways.

10. Body weight management effect of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) root is associated with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in human HepG2 cells.

In the present study, burdock root treatment significantly reduced body weight in rats.

To evaluate the bioactive compounds, we successively extracted the burdock root with ethanol (AL-1), and fractionated it with n-hexane (AL-2), ethyl acetate (AL-3), n-butanol (AL-4), and water (AL-5). Among these fractions, AL-2 contained components with the most effective hypolipidemic potential in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. AL-2 decreased the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and inhibited the activity of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) by stimulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through the LKB1 pathway.

Three active compounds were identified from the AL-2, namely α-linolenic acid, methyl α-linolenate, and methyl oleate. These results suggest that burdock root is expected to be useful for body weight management.
Takeaway:
• Burdock root’s weight loss benefit relates specifically to the stimulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, which translates to metabolic stimulation. Why? AMPK is often referred to as the metabolic “master switch.”

Citation links:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19952844
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26093535
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7733028
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056578
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291473
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21699953
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9811169
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12939122
9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3808124/
10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25005949

Standard Dose

Take 6 sprays by mouth, twice daily.

Higher Dose

Take 12 sprays by mouth, twice daily.

Optimal Use

• Spray, swish and swallow. You may take other Results RNA formulas immediately.
• Do not eat or drink for 2 minutes following.
• Take as recommended by your physician.

SERVING SIZE

Serving size: 12 Sprays
Servings Per Container (2oz/60mL): Approx. 30
Servings Per Container (4oz/120mL): Approx. 60
AMOUNT PER SERVING
Proprietary Blend Tincture 250 mg*

Ingredients

Green Tea Extract (EGCG), L-Glutamine, Green Coffee Bean Extract, Ginseng (Panax ginseng), Ashwagandha root (Withania somnifera), Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), Rhodiola rosea, Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa), Peppermint Leaf (Mentha x piperita) and Natural Trace Minerals.

Other Ingredients: Ultra-Pure Deionized Water

* % Daily value not established

For Best Results:

Use ACM Metabo as part of the Ultimate Body Weight Loss System as the most effective and healthy way to detoxify the body and lose unwanted pounds.